{"id":1246,"date":"2025-06-29T11:50:20","date_gmt":"2025-06-29T09:50:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fgo.ro\/blog\/?p=1246"},"modified":"2025-06-29T11:56:15","modified_gmt":"2025-06-29T09:56:15","slug":"bi-11-2025-clauza-de-neconcurenta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fgo.ro\/blog\/bi-11-2025-clauza-de-neconcurenta\/","title":{"rendered":"BI 11\/2025: Clauza de neconcuren\u021b\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-post-date\"><time datetime=\"2025-06-29T11:50:20+02:00\">29\/06\/2025<\/time><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-post-author\"><div class=\"wp-block-post-author__avatar\"><img alt='' src='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e82f2c3a815d502be7669919e815af0cc255f7281fbe5c149293517033fee54c?s=48&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e82f2c3a815d502be7669919e815af0cc255f7281fbe5c149293517033fee54c?s=96&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-48 photo' height='48' width='48' \/><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-post-author__content\"><p class=\"wp-block-post-author__byline\">Expert Fiscal \u0219i Expert Legisla\u0163ia Muncii, acreditat UNELM<\/p><p class=\"wp-block-post-author__name\">Ana Florina Carp<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Clauza de neconcuren\u021b\u0103 \u00een contractul individual de munc\u0103<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Potrivit Codului Muncii, p\u0103r\u021bile unui contract individual de munc\u0103 pot negocia \u0219i include, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 clauzele esen\u021biale, clauze specifice, precum cea de neconcuren\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d <strong>Ce este clauza de neconcuren\u021b\u0103?<\/strong><br>Este o garan\u021bie contractual\u0103 prin care angajatorul limiteaz\u0103, pentru o perioad\u0103 determinat\u0103 dup\u0103 \u00eencetarea contractului, posibilitatea ca fostul salariat s\u0103 desf\u0103\u0219oare activit\u0103\u021bi \u00een concuren\u021b\u0103 cu angajatorul, \u00een interes propriu sau al unui ter\u021b. \u00cen schimb, angajatorul se oblig\u0103 s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 o indemniza\u021bie lunar\u0103 de neconcuren\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2696\ufe0f <strong>Cadrul legal aplicabil<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Codul Muncii: art. 21\u201324<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Codul Fiscal: art. 76 alin. (2) lit. q), art. 157 alin. (1) lit. l), art. 25<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcdd <strong>Condi\u021bii de valabilitate<\/strong><br>Clauza de neconcuren\u021b\u0103 este valabil\u0103 \u0219i \u00ee\u0219i produce efectele numai dac\u0103 cuprinde \u00een mod expres urm\u0103toarele:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>activit\u0103\u021bile concrete <\/strong>ce \u00eei sunt interzise salariatului la data \u00eencet\u0103rii contractului,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>cuantumul indemniza\u021biei lunare de neconcuren\u021b\u0103<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>perioada<\/strong> pentru care se aplic\u0103 (<strong>maxim 2 ani<\/strong> de la data \u00eencet\u0103rii contractului individual de munc\u0103). O clauz\u0103 de neconcuren\u021b\u0103 stabilit\u0103 pentru o perioad\u0103 mai mare de 2 ani este nelegal\u0103.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ter\u021bii<\/strong> \u00een favoarea c\u0103rora se interzice prestarea activit\u0103\u0163ii,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>aria geografic\u0103<\/strong> unde salariatul poate fi \u00een real\u0103 competi\u0163ie cu angajatorul.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Clauza de neconcuren\u021b\u0103 <strong>nu poate interzice \u00een mod absolut<\/strong> exercitarea profesiei salariatului sau a specializ\u0103rii de\u021binute.<br>La solicitarea salariatului sau a inspectoratului teritorial de munc\u0103, instan\u021ba de judecat\u0103 poate dispune diminuarea efectelor clauzei de neconcuren\u021b\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd acestea sunt considerate excesive sau nejustificate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcc5 <strong>C\u00e2nd \u00ee\u0219i produce efectele?<\/strong><br>Clauza de neconcuren\u021b\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i produce efectele <strong>numai la \u00eencetarea contractului individual de munc\u0103<\/strong>, \u00een situa\u021bii cum ar fi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>la ini\u021biativa salariatului;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>de drept<\/strong>, \u00een cazurile prev\u0103zute de Codul Muncii la art. 56 alin. (1) lit. c), e), f), g) \u015fi i):<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>la data comunic\u0103rii deciziei de pensie \u00een cazul pensiei pentru limita de v\u00e2rst\u0103, pensiei pentru invaliditatea salariatului, pensiei anticipate par\u0163iale, pensiei anticipate;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ca urmare a admiterii cererii de reintegrare \u00een func\u0163ia ocupat\u0103 de salariat a unei persoane concediate nelegal sau pentru motive ne\u00eentemeiate;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ca urmare a condamn\u0103rii la executarea unei pedepse privative de libertate;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>de la data retragerii de c\u0103tre autorit\u0103\u0163ile sau organismele competente a avizelor, autoriza\u0163iilor ori atest\u0103rilor necesare pentru exercitarea profesiei;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la data expir\u0103rii termenului contractului individual de munc\u0103 \u00eencheiat pe durat\u0103 determinat\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcc5 <strong>C\u00e2nd nu \u00ee\u0219i produce efectele?<\/strong><br>Clauza de neconcuren\u021b\u0103 nu \u00ee\u0219i produce efectele, situa\u021bie \u00een care angajatorul nu datoreaz\u0103 indemniza\u021bie de neconcuren\u021b\u0103, dac\u0103 \u00eencetarea contractului individual de munc\u0103 are loc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>la ini\u021biativa angajatorului pentru motive care nu \u021bin de persoana salariatului<\/strong> (desfiin\u021barea locului de munc\u0103 ocupat de salariat);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>de drept <\/strong>\u00een urm\u0103toarele situa\u021bii:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>la data decesului salariatului;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la data decesului angajatorului persoan\u0103 fizic\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00een cazul dizolv\u0103rii angajatorului persoan\u0103 juridic\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la data r\u0103m\u00e2nerii irevocabile a hot\u0103r\u00e2rii judec\u0103tore\u015fti de declarare a mor\u0163ii sau a punerii sub interdic\u0163ie a salariatului sau a angajatorului persoan\u0103 fizic\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ca urmare a constat\u0103rii nulit\u0103\u0163ii absolute a contractului individual de munc\u0103 (nulitate constatat\u0103 prin acordul p\u0103r\u0163ilor sau prin hot\u0103r\u00e2re judec\u0103toreasc\u0103 definitiv\u0103);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ca urmare a interzicerii exercit\u0103rii unei profesii sau a unei func\u0163ii, ca m\u0103sur\u0103 de siguran\u0163\u0103 ori pedeaps\u0103 complementar\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>retragerea acordului p\u0103rin\u0163ilor sau al reprezentan\u0163ilor legali, \u00een cazul salaria\u0163ilor cu v\u00e2rsta cuprins\u0103 \u00eentre 15 \u015fi 16 ani.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd01 <strong>Activarea clauzei \u2013 cu sau f\u0103r\u0103 \u201edrept de op\u021biune\u201d<\/strong><br>Clauza de neconcuren\u021b\u0103 poate fi negociat\u0103 cu sau f\u0103r\u0103 \u201cdrept de op\u021biune\u201d al angajatorului \u00een privin\u021ba activ\u0103rii ei la \u00eencetarea contractului individual de munc\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>dac\u0103 este negociat\u0103 <strong>f\u0103r\u0103 drept de op\u021biune<\/strong> \u2192 <strong>se activeaz\u0103 automat la \u00eencetarea CIM;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dac\u0103 este negociat\u0103 <strong>cu drept de op\u021biune<\/strong> \u2192 <strong>la data \u00eencet\u0103rii CIM angajatorul poate decide dac\u0103 o activeaz\u0103 sau nu<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f <strong>Alte aspecte privind clauza de neconcuren\u021b\u0103:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>este negociat\u0103 \u00eentre angajator \u0219i salariat;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>este facultativ\u0103 \u2192 p\u0103r\u021bile nu sunt obligate s\u0103 introduc\u0103 o asemenea clauz\u0103 \u00een contractul individual de munc\u0103;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>vizeaz\u0103 concuren\u021ba angajatorului, nu clientela acestuia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>poate fi inclus\u0103 \u00een contractul individual de munc\u0103, la \u00eencheierea acestuia sau pe parcursul execut\u0103rii lui, prin \u00eencheierea unui act adi\u021bional;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>poate fi negociat\u0103 \u0219i inclus\u0103 \u00eentr-un contract individual de munc\u0103: cu durat\u0103 determinat\u0103 sau nedeterminat\u0103, cu norm\u0103 \u00eentreag\u0103 sau cu timp par\u021bial de munc\u0103, cu clauz\u0103 de telemunc\u0103 sau cu munc\u0103 la domiciliu;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>modificarea clauzei de neconcuren\u021b\u0103 se face tot prin act adi\u021bional;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00eencetarea clauzei de neconcuren\u021b\u0103 are loc prin expirarea duratei stabilite prin CIM sau, mai devreme, prin acordul p\u0103r\u021bilor, la data stabilit\u0103 de acestea (prin \u00eencheierea unui acord);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>conflictele, ce privesc interpretarea, executarea\/neexecutarea acestei clauze, vor fi solu\u021bionate de c\u0103tre instan\u021bele competente;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nu se confund\u0103 cu clauza de nedeturnare a clientelei;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00een cazul nerespect\u0103rii, cu vinov\u0103\u0163ie, a clauzei de neconcuren\u0163\u0103 salariatul poate fi obligat la restituirea indemniza\u0163iei \u015fi, dup\u0103 caz, la daune-interese corespunz\u0103toare prejudiciului pe care l-a produs angajatorului.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcb0 <strong>Indemniza\u021bia de neconcuren\u021b\u0103<\/strong>:<br>\u2022 <strong>nu este de natur\u0103 salarial\u0103<\/strong>;<br>\u2022 <strong>se negociaz\u0103<\/strong>;<br>\u2022 este de <strong>cel pu\u021bin 50% din media veniturilor salariale brute ale salariatului din ultimele 6 luni anterioare datei \u00eencet\u0103rii<\/strong> contractului individual de munc\u0103. \u00cen cazul \u00een care durata contractului individual de munc\u0103 a fost mai mic\u0103 de 6 luni, indemniza\u021bia de neconcuren\u021b\u0103 va fi de cel pu\u021bin 50% din media veniturilor salariale lunare brute cuvenite acestuia pe durata contractului;<br>\u2022 se pl\u0103te\u0219te lunar, pe \u00eentreaga durat\u0103 a neconcuren\u021bei;<br>\u2022 <strong>\u00een D112<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>se declar\u0103<\/strong> la Sec\u021biunea 8.2.6: \u201eIndemniza\u021bii de neconcuren\u021b\u0103\u201d;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la sec\u021biunea \u201cE.3 \u2013 Date detaliate privind impozitul pe venit \u0219i unele contribu\u021bii sociale obligatorii\u201d, la punctul \u201c2. Tip asigurat\u201d <strong>se selecteaz\u0103<\/strong>: \u201c(15) 3.7. PF care \u00eencaseaz\u0103 indemniz. lunare pe per. de neconcuren\u021b\u0103, cf. CIM\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccc<strong> Regimul fiscal al indemniza\u021biei<\/strong><br>Indemniza\u021bia de neconcuren\u021b\u0103 se \u00eencaseaz\u0103 de c\u0103tre salariat dup\u0103 \u00eencetarea contractului individual de munc\u0103.<br>\u00cen prezent, potrivit Codului Fiscal, indemniza\u021bia de neconcuren\u021b\u0103 are urm\u0103torul regim fiscal:<br>\u2022 <strong>angajatul suport\u0103<\/strong>: <strong>impozit pe venit<\/strong> (10%) \u0219i <strong>CASS <\/strong>(10%);<br>\u2022 nu suport\u0103 CAS (25%) \u0219i CAM (2.25%);<br>\u2022 pentru <strong>angajator<\/strong> reprezint\u0103 o <strong>cheltuial\u0103 deductibil\u0103 integral<\/strong> la calculul impozitului pe profit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcd8 <strong>Recomandare final\u0103<\/strong><br>Clauza de neconcuren\u021b\u0103 este un instrument valoros pentru protejarea intereselor angajatorului, dar trebuie redactat\u0103 clar \u0219i echilibrat, f\u0103r\u0103 a limita nejustificat drepturile salariatului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-54e5ee12971b0024d79695dbb545aa17\">Not\u0103: autorul nu este r\u0103spunz\u0103tor pentru nicio pierdere cauzat\u0103 vreunei persoane juridice sau fizice, care ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 sau se ab\u0163ine de la ac\u0163iuni ca urmare a citirii informa\u0163iilor din acest buletin informativ.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Clauza de neconcuren\u021b\u0103 \u00een contractul individual de munc\u0103 Potrivit Codului Muncii, p\u0103r\u021bile unui contract individual de munc\u0103 pot negocia \u0219i include, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 clauzele esen\u021biale, clauze specifice, precum cea de neconcuren\u021b\u0103. \ud83d\udd0d Ce este clauza de neconcuren\u021b\u0103?Este o garan\u021bie contractual\u0103 prin care angajatorul limiteaz\u0103, pentru o perioad\u0103 determinat\u0103 dup\u0103 \u00eencetarea contractului, posibilitatea ca fostul salariat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":371,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[322,323,324],"class_list":["post-1246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-legislativ","tag-clauza-de-neconcurenta","tag-indemnizatia-de-neconcurenta","tag-regim-fiscal-indemnizatie-neconcurenta"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.fgo.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/legislatie-buletin-informativ.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fgo.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fgo.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fgo.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fgo.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fgo.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1246"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.fgo.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1246\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1250,"href":"https:\/\/www.fgo.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1246\/revisions\/1250"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fgo.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fgo.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fgo.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fgo.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}